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1553 – 1554 Hugh Willoughby

Expeditionsziel: Nordostpassage
Jahr der Expedition: 1553 – 1554
Leitung der Expedition: Sir Hugh Willoughby
Beteiligte Länder: England
Auftraggeber: Sebastian Caboto , der Sohn von John Caboto.
Finanzierung: Gesellschaft der Abenteuer – Fahrer (Genauer: Mysterium und Kompanie der Kaufmannsabenteurer zur Entdeckung unbekannter Gebiete, Länder, Inseln und Orte)

Teilnehmer: 63 Mann +

Name Position/Aufgabe Alter Land Schiff
Sir Hugh Willoughby Leiter der Expedition England Bona Esperanza
Richard Chancellor Kapitän England Edward Bonaventure
Clement Adams Begleiter von Chancellor England Edward Bonaventure
Stephen Borough England
Cornelius Durfoorth Käpitän England Bona Confidentia

Fahrzeuge: Bona Esperanza, Edward Bonaventure, Bona Confidentia


Chronologischer Ablauf:

Datum: Beschreibung:
Sommer 1553 Die drei Schiffe verlassen London.
September 1553 Zwei ( Bona Confidentia, Bona Esperanza ) der drei Schiffe frieren vor der russischen Halbinsel Kola ein. Willoughby läst an der Küste ein Lager errichten.
Winterlager Die erste arktische Überwinterung einer europäischen Expedition beginnt. Während Willoughby und vierundsechzig Mann Besatzung in diesem Notlager zurückbleiben, gelingt der Mannschaft der Edward Bonaventure unter ihren Kommandanten Richard Chancellor und Stephen Borough die Weiterfahrt durch das Treibeis des Weißen Meeres bis an die Mündung des Swernaja Dwina. Dann schließt sich das Eis auch über den letzten offenen Fahrrinnen. Die Engländer gehen an Land, Küstenbewohner, Pomoren, begleiten sie bis nach Moskau. Dort empfängt Zar Iran IV., der Schreckliche, die Seefahrer im Goldenen Saal des Kreml.Anmerkung: Die Männer im Notlager, sind nicht verhungert oder erfroren, wie man lange Zeit annahm. Sie sind an einer Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung gestorben. Der Kamin wurde verstopft, um die Wärme besser zu halten.
Sommer 1554 Im darauf folgenden Sommer kehrt die Edward Bonaventure mit Handelswaren und schwerem Tiefgang nach England zurück. Noch vor den Londoner Feierlichkeiten zu Ehren der Heimkehrer finden russische Walroßjäger das Lager Willoughbys – einen Friedhof. Die gesamte Besatzung der beiden Schiffe ist im Verlauf der Polarnacht erfroren, verhungert oder am Skorbut zugrundegegangen. Man habe, berichten die Walroßjäger, Sir Hugh Willoughby, seinen Leichnam, über dem Logbuch der Bona Confidentia gefunden.

Siehe auch Google-Book’s

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