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1860 – 1861 Isaac Hayes – Suche nach dem eisfreien Nordpolarmeer

1860 – 1861 Isaac Hayes

Hayes’ Suche nach dem eisfreien Nordpolarmeer (1)

 

1860 startete Isaac Israel Hayes eine neue Arktisexpedition, (Schiff: United States) beseelt von der damals gängigen Theorie, von August Petermann, vom eisfreien Nordpolarmeer und besessen vom Ziel, diese eisfreie, schiffbare Zone des Arktischen Ozeans rund um den Nordpol zu finden. Die Expedition stand vom Anfang an unter keinem guten Stern: Hayes hatte vorgehabt, sich erst in Grönland mit Schlittenhunden einzudecken, eine 1859 dort wütende Tollwutepidemie hatte aber den Husky-Bestand drastisch reduziert. Außerdem starb in Upernavik einer von Hayes’ Begleitern, ausgerechnet eines der beiden Crewmitglieder, die bereits Arktiserfahrung hatten.

Das primäre Ziel war es, im ersten Jahr möglichst weit nach Norden vorzustoßen, um im darauffolgenden die vermutete eisfreie Zone erreichen zu können. Schlechtes Wetter verhinderte, dass die United States, Hayes’ Schiff, wenigstens bis ins Kane-Becken vorstoßen konnte, so schlug man das Winterquartier am westlichsten Punkt Grönlands auf, dem Kap Alexander unweit der heutigen Siedlung Etah auf der nach Hayes benannten Halbinsel.

Weil im Winter 1860/61 zwei Drittel der Schlittenhunde an einer Epidemie starben, war Hayes gezwungen, seinen Astronomen August Sonntag, begleitet von einem Inuk, zurückzuschicken, um neue Hunde zu besorgen. Bei dieser Aktion verstarb dieser, so dass Hayes nun das letzte Mitglied seiner Crew war, das Arktiserfahrung vorweisen konnte.

Im Sommer brach Hayes dann nach Norden auf, am 19. Mai 1861 erreichte er nach einer 46-tägigen Schlittenfahrt den nördlichsten Punkt dieser Expedition, Lady Franklin Bay auf 81º35′ nördlicher Breite gelegen. Von dort sah Hayes den Kennedy-Kanal, den er eisfrei vorfand und als Einfahrt in die offene, schiffbare arktische See zu identifizieren glaubte.


1) Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes#Hayes.E2.80.99_Suche_nach_dem_eisfreien_Nordpolarmeer

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